You get an error when php.exe is called because the Windows command line does not track your PHP installation. You can fix this by adding it to your PATH environment variable:
Go to "My Computer"> "Properties"> "Advanced"> "Environment Variables"> "Path", add a semicolon (;) at the end, and then specify the path to the PHP binaries folder, which in your case is C: \ XAMPP \ PHP
After restarting the command line, PHP and Artisan should work fine.
As for your second question, the βpublicβ folder should be your DocumentRoot of your server (or virtual host). There is no need to disclose the entire structure of your web server.
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