You might want to give pv a try, it should give you a pretty good idea of what is going on in your pipe in terms of bandwidth.
An example (untested) introducing pv before and after the sort command to get an idea of throughput:
$ cut -d , -f 3 VERY_BIG_FILE | pv -cN cut | sort -du | pv -cN sort > output
EDIT : I skipped -u in your sort command, so calculating strings first to get percentage output is not valid. Removed this part from my answer.
Adrian frühwirth
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