Not sure if it answers your question completely, but I'm working on an application that implements geoprocessing as well as location requests, and these are my observations:
When the application is active and I receive location updates (the location is known), the geodesy behaves exactly - I get the intentions almost instantly.
When an application is inactive, I observe the same behavior - sometimes Intents are instantaneous, sometimes it takes some time, and sometimes it takes too much time. Of course, when there is some other application, i.e. Google Maps requesting location, intent again, almost instant. But when there is no need for a clear place, it usually takes some time. A common nightmare is people with Wi-Fi / mobile phone turned off and moving between buildings. Because there is no GPS inside, and they spend so little time outside that the phone usually does not wake up ...
So, I would say that this is really the expected behavior. (Otherwise, battery life would be terrible)
daemontus
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