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Possible solutions for 100% (decentralized) peer-to-peer networks?

I was thinking about how the actual 100% server system will work. In particular, I'm interested in discovering peers. This seems to be the only part that keeps existing decentralized systems virtually decentralized.

As far as I know, there is no 100% system without a server. For example, even torrents must connect to centralized networks such as trackers or DHT routers (router.bittorrent.com) in order to find their peers.

The first thing I came up with was broadcasting on the Internet. Simply put,

  • A client broadcasts its identification beacon (e.g. IP address) to the world
  • Another customer receives this beacon
  • Both clients are connected to each other.
  • If more clients are connected, they form a narrow network.

However, this is probably very inefficient (255 * 255 * 255 * 255 * 64 bytes = 270 GB / beacon) and is not supported . This is currently the only solution I could think of. And after searching for several hours, the only solution is to "just use a partially centralized server."

Are there any solutions (even theoretical ones) for 100% detection on server side without server?

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In 2008, XMPP developed a standard to support serverless peer discovery.

http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0174.html

Unfortunately, I found only one instance where this was implemented.

https://igniterealtime.org/issues/browse/SMACK-262

It was not tied to the code base because it was blocked by a dependency. There have been attempts to recompile it with newer versions. https://github.com/jadahl/smack-linklocal this may be one, but cannot check if it works.

How peer discovery works using mDNS with DNS-SD ,

Read the XEP-0174 description of how it works for more details.

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