There is no difference between docker ps and docker container ls . A new command structure ( docker container <subcommand> ) was added in Docker 1.13 to provide a more structured user interface when using the command line.
As far as I know, an official announcement has not been published in order to refuse support for old-style commands (e.g. docker ps and others), although it would be reasonable to assume that this may happen at some point in the future.
This is described in the Docker 1.13 release post:
Over the past two years, Docker has earned many features, and the Docker CLI now has many commands (40 at the time of writing). Some, such as build or run, are used a lot, some are more obscure, such as a pause or a story. Many top-level commands carry help pages and make tabs difficult.
In Docker 1.13, we regrouped each command to sit under the logical object with which it interacts. For example, the list and start of containers are now subcommands of the docker container, and history is now a subcommand of the docker image.
docker container list docker container start docker image history
These changes allow us to clear the Docker CLI syntax, improve the help text, and simplify the use of Docker. The old command syntax is still supported, but we encourage everyone to accept the new syntax.
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