R is usually an interpreted language. However, the compiler package offers bytecode compilation that can improve performance. You can also call compiled code from R.
In terms of how quickly it depends on what you are trying to do and how you are trying to do it. Some cycle operations can be very slow. However, in many cases with well-written code, the performance of R scripts is determined by the speed of the underlying internal C libraries and the read / write speed of system memory, and therefore R is about as fast as everything else.
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