Yes, you can get a lot of information about code signing at runtime from the embedded.mobileprovision file:
[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"embedded.mobileprovision" ofType:nil]
This is stated in How to determine at runtime if an application is designed to develop, store applications or an ad hoc distribution?
It is not so easy to read the file because it is an ASN.1 file encoded by DER.
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