There is a whole raft of Python APIs for all kinds of GIS samples. I offer a good starting point, for the most part that should be OSGeo . OSGeo is an organization that promotes and supports open source GIS tools of all kinds from desktop applications such as QGIS or GRASS, through APIs such as GDAL / OGR, for web mapping tools.
Most people, I think, start with GDAL / OGR, as recommended above, but you can add Shapely, Spatialite and PostGIS to get more full access to the full GEOS library functionality through Python.
Good Python Geospatial Development Review Book. This book covers the most common Python GIS APIs.
Mappagnosis
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