According to Romain, Dr. Person and neillb all point and this wikibooks article confirms there is no official standard extension for gnuplot files.
These three file extensions are really popular:
.gpi .plt .gp
Of these, .gp is the shortest and it seems that it will have the least number of collisions with other programs. But the other two extensions are not used either. It shows that .plt used by HPGL plotters, and therefore some older Autocad files may have this extension. And files with the .gpi extension .gpi used by Garmin GPS devices. Fwiw, googling for "gnuplot file extension gp" returns a few more results than similar searches of .gpi and .plt
Although .gnuplot is a fair choice, it has seven characters. Long file extensions can potentially degrade readability in the terminal, because they open up the possibility of file names that are shorter than the file extension, and because longer extensions most often cause line breaks.
Noah Sussman Apr 07 2018-12-12T00: 00Z
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