Implementing protocols in user space and kernel space - performance implications

Question

I am looking for some articles / articles about the effect of porting protocol implementations, say, the TCP / IP stack from the kernel to user space. Obviously this will affect, but how much? Or is there any literature on how much the context switch costs. I understand that there may not be exact answers, because it will depend on the application. Assuming this is a network stack, it would be great if anyonce could try out some of the inputs. I googled, but can not find anything good except this Vs Kernel user space field. but which does not shed enough light.

Answer 1

As I know, you can see file system comparisons - there are many different implementations, such as kernel modules and fuse modules. Maybe you can find some interesting information in these types of components.

Also in the network area, I can mention that some drivers use the power of network cards to calculate the hash for Ethernet frames - and there is some point. If you work with user space, you cannot use such a trick. As a result, you can gain compassion for performance by using a trick such as the upper limit of the performance penalty.