Suppose the update is done through a transaction, and then a commit statement is issued.
What are all the internal processes that occur under the hood on the Oracle server after the commit statement?
This is a very large subject, but here are some good resources on this:
http://jonathanlewis.wordpress.com/2009/06/16/clean-it-up/
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14220/transact.htm#CNCPT016
You can read about the COMMIT statement in this link ...http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/statements_4010.htm