This answer is on the wrong site!
Most of my reputation at StackOverflow comes from the people who voted for this answer, which I wrote before I realized that there were several websites for sharing stacks, and that StackOverflow is only for programming questions and answers. So the question above is how to solve this problem if you want to encode your own mouse drivers. For all other discussions, go here on the superuser site where he belongs.
The following is the original answer.
Explanation
There is a hidden preference that you can change from the terminal. To read its current value type
defaults read .GlobalPreferences com.apple.mouse.scaling
at the command prompt of the terminal. Normal values are 0 ~ 3, which can be set by moving the Tracking Speed slider on the Mouse panel to System Preferences. Values of 0 ~ 3 will not disable acceleration, therefore.
How to disable acceleration
However, if you set it to -1 by typing
defaults write .GlobalPreferences com.apple.mouse.scaling -1
in a terminal that seems to turn off acceleration and set the mouse tracking speed to some constant predefined value that you cannot change.
I found that I had to go out and go back in for it to take effect. After that, the ratio of pixels pointer moves / meters mouse moved is constant, but unfortunately it is not regulated.
How to undo changes
To return to Apple’s default settings, simply open the Mouse panel in System Preferences and change the tracking speed to anything, and then close System Preferences.
Mouse ≠ Trackpad
Mac OS X saves mouse and trackpad settings independently. If you want to disable acceleration on the trackpad instead of the mouse, the instructions will be the same, just replace com.apple.trackpad.scaling wherever you see com.apple.mouse.scaling in the above example (and use the System Preferences trackpad panel instead of the Mouse panel , obviously).
Notes
I will not refer to the source, as this tip is available in many places on the Internet. I tried this on OS 10.7 Lion, but many sources claim to use 10.6 Snow Leopard.