I also installed the ELK stack on Ubuntu 14.04. The location of the patterns grok uses is in the following directory.
/opt/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-patterns-core-2.0.5/patterns/
which includes the following default patterns
aws firewalls junos mongodb rails bacula grok-patterns linux-syslog nagios redis bro haproxy mcollective output.txt ruby exim java mcollective-patterns postgresql test.sh
Or you can simply search for patterns as follows:
find / -name patterns
This will show you the template directory you are looking for.
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